Front page 2003 Interface 8 Parts
May 30th, 2010CSS Intro
April 7th, 2010Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a simple mechanism for adding style (e.g. fonts, colors, spacing) to Web documents.
Internal Stylesheet
First we will explore the internal method. This way you are simply placing the CSS code within the <head></head> tags of each (X)HTML file you want to style with the CSS. The format for this is shown in the example below.
<head>
<title><title>
<style>
CSS Content Goes Here
</style>
</head>
<body>
With this method each (X)HTML file contains the CSS code needed to style the page. Meaning that any changes you want to make to one page, will have to be made to all. This method can be good if you need to style only one page, or if you want different pages to have varying styles.
External Stylesheet
Next we will explore the external method. An external CSS file can be created with any text or HTML editor such as “Notepad” or “Dreamweaver”. A CSS file contains no (X)HTML, only CSS. You simply save it with the .css file extension. You can link to the file externally by placing one of the following links in the head section of every (X)HTML file you want to style with the CSS file.
<link rel=”stylesheet” href=“Path To stylesheet.css” />
Or you can also use the @import method as shown below
<style type=”text/css”>@import url(Path To stylesheet.css)</style>
Either of these methods are achieved by placing one or the other in the head section as shown in example below.
<head>
<title><title>
<link rel=”stylesheet” type=”text/css”href=”style.css” />
</head>
<body>
or
<head>
<title><title>
<style> @import url(Path To stylesheet.css) </style>
</head>
<body>
By using an external style sheet, all of your (X)HTML files link to one CSS file in order to style the pages. This means, that if you need to alter the design of all your pages, you only need to edit one .css file to make global changes to your entire website.
Here are a few reasons this is better.
- Easier Maintenance
- Reduced File Size
- Reduced Bandwidth
- Improved Flexibility
Cascading Order
In the previous paragraphs, I have explained how to link to a css file either internally or externally. If you understood, than I am doing a good job. If not don’t fret, there is a long way to go before we are finished. Assuming you have caught on already, you are probably asking, well can I do both? The answer is yes. You can have both internal, external, and now wait a minute a third way? Yes inline styles also.
Inline Styles
I have not mentioned them until now because in a way they defeat the purpose of using CSS in the first place. Inline styles are defined right in the (X)HTML file along side the element you want to style. See example below.
<p style=”color: #ff0000;”>Some red text</p>
Some red text
Inline styles will NOT allow the user to change styles of elements or text formatted this way
So, which is better?
So with all these various ways of inserting CSS into your (X)HTML files, you may now be asking well which is better, and if I use more than one method, in what order do these different ways load into my browser?
All the various methods will cascade into a new “pseudo” stylesheet in the following order:
- Inline Style (inside (X)HTML element)
- Internal Style Sheet (inside the <head> tag)
- External Style Sheet
As far as which way is better, it depends on what you want to do. If you have only one file to style then placing it within the <head></head> tags (internal) will work fine. Though if you are planning on styling multiple files then the external file method is the way to go.
About HTML
April 4th, 2010HTML is a language for describing web pages.
- HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
- HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language
- A markup language is a set of markup tags
- HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages
HTML Tags
HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags
- HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets like <html>
- HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
- The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
- Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags
HTML Documents = Web Pages
- HTML documents describe web pages
- HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text
- HTML documents are also called web pages
The purpose of a web browser (like Internet Explorer or Firefox) is to read HTML documents and display them as web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page: